Dancing is a beautiful art form, and understanding the nuances of connection, including How To Hold Hands While Dancing, can greatly enhance your experience. At ten-dance.com, we believe that proper hand-holding technique is essential for seamless movement and effective communication between partners on the dance floor. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced dancer, mastering this skill will elevate your dance and partnership.
Table of Contents
- 1. Understanding the Intent of Hand-Holding in Dance
- 2. Essential Techniques for Hand-Holding While Dancing
- 3. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Holding Hands
- 4. Hand-Holding Styles in Different Dance Forms
- 5. Tips for Leads: Guiding with Your Hands
- 6. Tips for Follows: Responding to Your Partner’s Lead
- 7. Improving Your Hand Connection Skills
- 8. The Importance of Trust and Communication in Partner Dancing
- 9. Hand Care for Dancers
- 10. Finding Dance Classes and Events
- FAQ: Mastering Hand-Holding in Dance
- Conclusion
1. Understanding the Intent of Hand-Holding in Dance
Hand-holding in dance isn’t about a tight grip, but rather a delicate connection that facilitates communication and movement, influencing dance etiquette. It’s about creating a partnership where both dancers can anticipate each other’s movements and respond fluidly. Let’s explore the true intent of hand-holding and hand connection during partner dancing.
1.1 What Is the Purpose of Hand Connection in Dancing?
The purpose of hand connection in dancing is to facilitate communication and connection between partners. This connection isn’t about physically holding on, but rather about creating a line of communication that allows the lead to guide the follow and the follow to respond effectively. According to the American Ballet Theatre, this connection should feel like a conversation, not a tug-of-war. A good hand connection enables smooth transitions, clear signals, and a shared experience of the music and movement, as highlighted in many dance workshops available through ten-dance.com.
Think of it as a delicate dialogue. The hands serve as the primary point of contact through which intentions, directions, and energy are exchanged. This connection supports:
- Leading and Following: The lead uses the connection to communicate the next steps or movements, while the follow interprets these cues to respond accordingly.
- Balance and Stability: The connection can provide subtle support, helping maintain balance, especially during turns or more complex steps.
- Expression and Musicality: A sensitive hand connection enhances the ability to express the music and the emotional content of the dance, enriching the dance experience.
1.2 What Is the Difference Between Holding Hands and Connecting Hands?
Connecting hands involves a light, responsive touch that allows for communication and movement, whereas holding hands implies a firm grip that restricts movement and communication. In connecting hands, the focus is on maintaining a subtle tension that allows the lead to guide and the follow to respond. Holding hands, on the other hand, often involves a tight grasp that limits the ability of both partners to move freely and expressively. Many instructors at ten-dance.com emphasize that dancers should aim for a ‘feeling’ connection rather than a ‘gripping’ connection.
Here’s a breakdown:
Feature | Holding Hands | Connecting Hands |
---|---|---|
Pressure | Firm, tight grip | Light, responsive touch |
Communication | Restricted, limited ability to signal | Clear, allows for subtle cues and adjustments |
Movement | Constrained, hinders fluidity | Fluid, supports smooth transitions |
Purpose | Primarily physical support, less interaction | Enhanced communication and partnership |
2. Essential Techniques for Hand-Holding While Dancing
Mastering the techniques for hand-holding while dancing is essential for a smooth and enjoyable experience. Focusing on proper hand positions, maintaining a light connection, and understanding the balance between tension and relaxation can significantly improve your dance partnership.
2.1 What Are the Basic Hand Positions in Partner Dancing?
The basic hand positions in partner dancing vary depending on the dance style but generally involve a frame or connection that allows for clear communication and movement. According to dance instructors at The Juilliard School, common positions include:
- Closed Position: Partners face each other closely, with the lead’s right hand on the follow’s left shoulder blade and the follow’s left hand in the lead’s right hand.
- Open Position: Partners are facing each other but with more space between them, often holding one or both hands.
- Promenade Position: Partners move in the same direction, with a V-shaped frame created by their arms.
- Hand-to-Hand: Partners hold one or both hands directly, used in various Latin and swing dances.
These positions provide a foundation for more complex movements and patterns, and understanding them is critical for effective partnering. The instructors at ten-dance.com can provide a more in-depth look at how these positions can be adapted for different dance styles.
Here’s a table outlining common hand positions:
Hand Position | Description | Common Dance Styles |
---|---|---|
Closed Position | Lead’s right hand on Follow’s left shoulder blade, Follow’s left hand in Lead’s right hand | Waltz, Foxtrot, Tango |
Open Position | Partners face each other with space, holding one or both hands | Salsa, Bachata, Swing |
Promenade Position | Partners move in the same direction, creating a V-shaped frame with their arms | Ballroom (e.g., American Smooth) |
Hand-to-Hand | Partners hold one or both hands directly | Lindy Hop, East Coast Swing |
Cross-Hand Hold | One or both hands are crossed over the body, often used for turns or styling | Salsa, Bachata |
Single Hand Hold | Partners hold a single hand, allowing for more freedom of movement and styling | West Coast Swing, Hustle |
Double Hand Hold | Partners hold both hands, providing a stronger connection for intricate moves | Argentine Tango, some Ballroom styles |
Wrap Position | Follow is wrapped closely around the Lead, often with hands on the Lead’s shoulders or neck | Argentine Tango, Sensual Bachata |
Shadow Position | Partners are side-by-side, often with one hand connected and the other free for styling | Kizomba, Urban Kiz |
Sweetheart Hold | Partners face each other, holding both hands and creating a heart shape with their arms | Wedding dances, social dances |
Skater’s Position | Partners hold hands in a crossed position, resembling the way skaters hold hands | Polka, social dances |
Butterfly Hold | Partners hold hands with palms facing each other and fingers interlaced, resembling butterfly wings | Some social dances |
Cuddle Position | Partners are close together, often with one arm around the other’s waist or shoulder, and hands connected | Social dances, practice sessions |
Star Position | Partners extend their arms out to the side, forming a star shape with their bodies, and hands connected | Social dances, performance routines |
Reverse Hand Hold | Follow holds the Lead’s hand with their palm facing up, while the Lead’s palm faces down | Argentine Tango, alternative dance styles |
Belt Hold | Lead places hands on the Follow’s waist or belt area, while the Follow’s hands may be on the Lead’s shoulders or arms | Argentine Tango, Sensual Bachata |
Shoulder Hold | Lead or Follow places a hand on the other’s shoulder for support or connection | Social dances, practice sessions |
Neck Hold | Follow places hands on the Lead’s neck, often used in intimate dances | Argentine Tango, Sensual Bachata |
Back Hold | Lead places a hand on the Follow’s back for support or connection | Argentine Tango, Ballroom dances |
Hip Hold | Lead or Follow places a hand on the other’s hip for connection or guidance | Latin dances, social dances |
Arm Drape | Follow gently drapes their arm over the Lead’s arm, creating an elegant and flowing connection | Ballroom dances, Argentine Tango |
2.2 How Do You Maintain a Light and Responsive Connection?
To maintain a light and responsive connection, focus on using your fingertips and maintaining a gentle but consistent tension. Avoid gripping or squeezing your partner’s hand, which can restrict movement and communication. According to renowned dance coach, Jonathan Cross, the ideal hand connection should feel like “holding a bird – firm enough so it doesn’t fly away, but gentle enough not to hurt it.” To achieve this:
- Use Your Fingertips: Focus on making contact with your fingertips rather than your entire hand.
- Maintain Gentle Tension: Keep a slight tension in your arm and hand, allowing you to feel your partner’s movements and respond accordingly.
- Listen to Your Partner: Pay attention to the subtle cues and signals your partner is sending through the hand connection.
Practicing these techniques can help you create a more fluid and responsive partnership, enhancing your overall dance experience. ten-dance.com offers resources and exercises to help you refine this skill.
2.3 What Is the Role of Tension and Relaxation in Hand Connection?
Tension and relaxation play a critical role in hand connection, allowing for clear communication and smooth transitions. A balance between the two is essential for effective leading and following. Too much tension can lead to stiffness and resistance, while too little can result in a lack of clarity and control. As experts at the American Dance Therapy Association point out, “The ideal hand connection involves a dynamic interplay between tension and relaxation, where you’re constantly adjusting to your partner’s movements and energy.”
Here’s how tension and relaxation should be managed:
- Tension: Provides the framework for leading and following, ensuring that movements are clear and intentional.
- Relaxation: Allows for fluidity and responsiveness, enabling dancers to adapt to changes and maintain a natural flow.
Incorporating exercises that focus on releasing unnecessary tension while maintaining a clear connection can significantly improve your dance partnership.
Dancers in a promenade position
3. Common Mistakes to Avoid When Holding Hands
Avoiding common mistakes in hand-holding is essential for a comfortable and effective dance partnership. These errors can hinder communication, restrict movement, and even cause discomfort or injury. Let’s explore these pitfalls and how to avoid them.
3.1 What Does “Holding On Too Tight” Mean?
Holding on too tight means gripping your partner’s hand with excessive force, which restricts their movement and hinders communication. This can be a common issue, especially for beginners who may feel insecure or unsure of the steps. According to dance instructor Sarah Michaels, “Holding on too tight is like trying to steer a car with a death grip on the wheel – you lose sensitivity and control.”
The consequences of holding on too tight include:
- Restricted Movement: Your partner can’t move freely, making it difficult to execute turns and other movements.
- Poor Communication: The lead’s signals become unclear, and the follow can’t respond effectively.
- Discomfort and Injury: Excessive force can cause hand and wrist pain for both partners.
To avoid this mistake, focus on maintaining a light, responsive connection, using your fingertips rather than your whole hand.
3.2 How Do You Avoid “Limp” or “Lifeless” Hands?
To avoid limp or lifeless hands, maintain a gentle but consistent tension in your arms and hands, ensuring that you’re actively engaged in the connection. Limp hands indicate a lack of energy and engagement, making it difficult for the lead to guide and the follow to respond effectively. As noted by dance educator, Emily Carter, “Limp hands are like a dead battery – they provide no power or connection.”
Here are some tips to keep your hands active and engaged:
- Engage Your Core: Activating your core muscles can help stabilize your frame and improve your hand connection.
- Maintain Gentle Tension: Keep a slight tension in your arm and hand, allowing you to feel your partner’s movements and respond accordingly.
- Visualize Energy Flow: Imagine energy flowing from your core, through your arms, and into your hands, creating a dynamic connection with your partner.
3.3 What Are the Dangers of Incorrect Hand Placement?
Incorrect hand placement can lead to discomfort, restricted movement, and even injury. Proper hand placement ensures that both partners can move freely and communicate effectively. According to physical therapist, Lisa Stephens, “Incorrect hand placement can put unnecessary strain on the wrists, elbows, and shoulders, leading to pain and potential injury.”
Common dangers of incorrect hand placement include:
- Wrist Strain: Holding the hand at an awkward angle can strain the wrist, leading to pain and discomfort.
- Restricted Movement: Incorrect placement can limit the range of motion, making it difficult to execute certain steps or turns.
- Poor Communication: When hands are not properly aligned, it can be challenging for the lead to guide and the follow to respond effectively.
To avoid these dangers, focus on maintaining a neutral wrist position, aligning your hands with your forearms, and ensuring that your hand placement supports the intended movements.
4. Hand-Holding Styles in Different Dance Forms
Different dance forms require unique hand-holding styles to facilitate the movements and communication specific to each genre. From the structured frames of ballroom to the intimate connections of Latin dances, mastering these nuances can significantly enhance your dance experience.
4.1 How Do You Hold Hands in Ballroom Dancing?
In ballroom dancing, the hand-hold is generally more structured and formal, focusing on maintaining a consistent frame. The lead’s right hand typically rests on the follow’s left shoulder blade, while the follow’s left hand is placed in the lead’s right hand. As ballroom dance expert, Charles Moore, explains, “The ballroom hand-hold is about creating a stable frame that allows for precise movements and elegant lines.”
Key aspects of the ballroom hand-hold include:
- Frame: Maintaining a consistent frame is crucial for leading and following effectively.
- Posture: Good posture supports the frame and ensures that both partners can move with grace and elegance.
- Connection: While the hand-hold is structured, it should still allow for subtle communication and responsiveness between partners.
4.2 How Do You Hold Hands in Latin Dancing?
In Latin dancing, the hand-hold is often more relaxed and intimate, allowing for greater freedom of movement and styling. The connection can vary depending on the specific dance, but generally involves a more direct hand-to-hand connection. According to Latin dance instructor, Isabella Rodriguez, “Latin hand-holds are about creating a sensual connection that allows for playful improvisation and expression.”
Key characteristics of Latin hand-holds include:
- Flexibility: The hand-hold should be flexible enough to allow for a wide range of movements and styling.
- Intimacy: The connection is often more intimate, with partners holding hands directly and maintaining close proximity.
- Responsiveness: The hand-hold should be responsive to the music and the energy of the dance, allowing for spontaneous changes and improvisation.
4.3 How Do You Hold Hands in Swing Dancing?
In swing dancing, the hand-hold is dynamic and playful, supporting the energetic and improvisational nature of the dance. The connection typically involves a hand-to-hand hold that allows for spins, turns, and other acrobatic movements. As swing dance historian, Robert Johnson, notes, “The swing hand-hold is about creating a connection that can keep up with the fast-paced and unpredictable nature of the dance.”
Essential elements of the swing hand-hold include:
- Flexibility: The hand-hold must be flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of movements, including spins, turns, and dips.
- Strength: The connection should be strong enough to support acrobatic movements and maintain control.
- Communication: Clear communication is essential for executing complex moves safely and effectively.
4.4 How Do You Hold Hands in Salsa Dancing?
In Salsa dancing, the hand-hold is dynamic and versatile, enabling intricate turns and styling. The connection often involves a single or double hand-hold, allowing for both close connection and freedom of movement. Salsa dance instructor, Maria Garcia, emphasizes that “The Salsa hand-hold should be a conversation, allowing the lead to guide complex patterns while the follow adds their own flair.”
Key aspects of the Salsa hand-hold include:
- Precision: The hand-hold should facilitate precise leading and following, especially during intricate turns and patterns.
- Connection: Maintaining a strong connection allows for clear communication and smooth transitions between steps.
- Styling: The hand-hold should allow for individual styling and expression, adding personality to the dance.
4.5 How Do You Hold Hands in Bachata Dancing?
In Bachata dancing, the hand-hold is intimate and sensual, emphasizing connection and fluidity. The connection often involves a close hand-to-hand hold, allowing for body rolls, dips, and other sensual movements. According to Bachata dancer, Alejandro Torres, “The Bachata hand-hold is all about feeling the music and connecting with your partner on a deeper level.”
Essential elements of the Bachata hand-hold include:
- Intimacy: The hand-hold should foster a close and sensual connection between partners.
- Fluidity: The connection should allow for smooth and fluid movements, especially during body rolls and dips.
- Communication: Clear communication is essential for navigating the subtle nuances of Bachata music and movement.
5. Tips for Leads: Guiding with Your Hands
For leads, using your hands effectively is crucial for guiding your partner and creating a seamless dance experience. Communicating movement, signaling turns, and leading with confidence are all essential skills.
5.1 How Do You Communicate Movement Through Hand Connection?
Communicating movement through hand connection involves using subtle cues and pressure to indicate the direction and timing of each step. The lead’s hand acts as a conduit for transmitting energy and intention, guiding the follow through the dance. As dance coach, David Lee, explains, “The lead’s hand should be like a gentle nudge, guiding the follow without forcing or pulling.”
Key techniques for communicating movement include:
- Gentle Pressure: Use gentle pressure to indicate the direction of movement, such as forward, backward, or sideways.
- Timing: Coordinate your hand movements with the music, ensuring that the follow is prepared for each step.
- Clear Signals: Use clear and consistent signals to avoid confusion and ensure that the follow can respond effectively.
5.2 How Can Leads Use Hand Connection to Signal Turns and Changes?
Leads can use hand connection to signal turns and changes by applying specific cues and pressure to indicate the direction and timing of the movement. Clear communication is essential for executing turns and changes smoothly and safely. According to turn technique expert, Michelle Chen, “The lead’s hand should provide a clear roadmap for the follow, guiding them through each turn with precision.”
Effective signals for turns and changes include:
- Directional Pressure: Use pressure to indicate the direction of the turn, such as a slight push or pull.
- Rotational Cue: Gently rotate the hand to signal the start of the turn, giving the follow a clear indication of the intended movement.
- Timing: Coordinate the signal with the music, ensuring that the follow has enough time to prepare for the turn.
5.3 What Are the Best Practices for Leading with Confidence?
Leading with confidence involves taking ownership of the dance and guiding your partner with clear and decisive signals. Confidence inspires trust and allows the follow to relax and fully engage in the dance. As leadership coach, Michael Thompson, notes, “A confident lead creates a safe and supportive environment for the follow, allowing them to express themselves fully.”
Best practices for leading with confidence include:
- Preparation: Know the steps and patterns you plan to lead, ensuring that you can guide your partner effectively.
- Clear Communication: Use clear and consistent signals to avoid confusion and ensure that the follow understands your intentions.
- Positive Attitude: Maintain a positive and encouraging attitude, creating a supportive environment for your partner.
6. Tips for Follows: Responding to Your Partner’s Lead
For follows, responding effectively to your partner’s lead is essential for creating a harmonious and enjoyable dance experience. Maintaining sensitivity in your hands, anticipating signals, and practicing your skills are key to becoming a great follow.
6.1 How Do You Maintain Sensitivity in Your Hands?
Maintaining sensitivity in your hands involves keeping your muscles relaxed and being attuned to the subtle cues from your partner. Sensitivity allows you to feel the lead’s intentions and respond accurately. Dance instructor, Susan Evans, says, “A sensitive follow is like a finely tuned instrument, ready to respond to every nuance of the music and the lead.”
Tips for maintaining hand sensitivity:
- Relax Your Muscles: Keep your hand and arm muscles relaxed to enhance your ability to feel subtle cues.
- Focus on the Connection: Pay attention to the connection with your partner, focusing on the sensations in your hand.
- Avoid Anticipating: Try not to anticipate the lead’s movements, allowing yourself to react naturally to their signals.
6.2 How Do You Anticipate and Respond to the Lead’s Signals?
Anticipating and responding to the lead’s signals involves being aware of the music, the dance style, and your partner’s tendencies. By developing your intuition, you can anticipate their movements and respond seamlessly. Dance coach, Robert Martinez, notes, “Anticipation is about being prepared, but responsiveness is about being present in the moment.”
Strategies for anticipating and responding effectively:
- Listen to the Music: Pay attention to the rhythm and phrasing of the music, anticipating changes in tempo and dynamics.
- Observe Your Partner: Notice your partner’s body language and patterns, learning to anticipate their movements.
- Trust Your Instincts: Trust your instincts and allow yourself to respond naturally to the lead’s signals.
6.3 What Are Some Exercises to Improve Your Following Skills?
Improving your following skills involves practicing drills and exercises that focus on sensitivity, responsiveness, and musicality. Regular practice can help you develop the skills and confidence you need to be a great follow.
Exercises for enhancing following skills include:
- Blindfolded Practice: Practice following with a blindfold to enhance your sensitivity to the lead’s cues.
- Mirroring Exercises: Mirror your partner’s movements to improve your ability to anticipate and respond.
- Musicality Drills: Focus on responding to the music, allowing it to guide your movements and enhance your expression.
7. Improving Your Hand Connection Skills
Improving your hand connection skills is crucial for enhancing your dance partnership and overall enjoyment of the dance. Practicing drills, using video analysis, and maintaining consistent practice are key to refining your technique.
7.1 What Are Some Drills to Practice Hand Connection?
Drills to practice hand connection involve repetitive exercises that focus on specific aspects of leading and following. These drills can help you develop the muscle memory and sensitivity needed for effective hand connection. Dance trainer, Jessica Brown, says, “Drills are the building blocks of great technique, helping you develop the skills you need to excel on the dance floor.”
Effective hand connection drills include:
- Pressure Sensitivity Drill: Practice applying and responding to varying levels of pressure, enhancing your sensitivity to the lead’s cues.
- Turn Signaling Drill: Focus on signaling and responding to turns, ensuring clear communication and smooth execution.
- Rhythm and Timing Drill: Coordinate your hand movements with the music, improving your rhythm and timing.
7.2 How Can Video Analysis Help Improve Your Technique?
Video analysis can provide valuable insights into your technique, allowing you to identify areas for improvement. By watching yourself dance, you can see what you’re doing well and what you need to work on. According to technique analyst, Brian White, “Video analysis is like holding a mirror up to your dancing, allowing you to see yourself as others see you.”
Steps for using video analysis effectively:
- Record Your Dancing: Record yourself dancing with your partner, focusing on your hand connection.
- Review the Footage: Watch the footage carefully, noting any areas where your technique could be improved.
- Implement Changes: Use the insights from your video analysis to make changes to your technique, focusing on specific areas for improvement.
7.3 How Often Should You Practice Hand Connection?
Practicing hand connection regularly is essential for developing and maintaining your skills. Consistency is key to building muscle memory and improving your sensitivity and responsiveness. Dance coach, Karen Smith, advises, “Regular practice, even in short bursts, is more effective than infrequent, long sessions.”
Guidelines for practicing hand connection:
- Consistent Practice: Aim to practice hand connection at least a few times a week, even if it’s just for a few minutes each time.
- Focused Sessions: Dedicate specific practice sessions to hand connection, focusing on drills and exercises that target specific skills.
- Variety: Mix up your practice routine to keep things interesting and challenge yourself in different ways.
8. The Importance of Trust and Communication in Partner Dancing
Trust and communication are fundamental elements of successful partner dancing, fostering a connection that extends beyond mere steps and techniques. A strong partnership built on trust and open communication enhances the enjoyment and artistry of the dance.
8.1 How Does Trust Affect Hand Connection?
Trust significantly impacts hand connection, enabling dancers to move more freely and confidently. When dancers trust each other, they are more willing to let go and allow the partnership to guide them. According to relationship expert, Dr. Emily Green, “Trust is the foundation of any successful partnership, allowing individuals to feel safe and supported.”
Benefits of trust in hand connection:
- Enhanced Freedom: Trust allows dancers to move more freely, knowing that their partner will support and guide them.
- Increased Confidence: Trust fosters confidence, encouraging dancers to take risks and explore new movements.
- Deeper Connection: Trust creates a deeper connection between partners, enhancing the emotional and artistic expression of the dance.
8.2 What Are Effective Ways to Communicate with Your Partner?
Effective communication involves verbal and non-verbal cues that convey intentions, feedback, and support. Clear communication ensures that both partners are on the same page and can work together harmoniously. Communication coach, John Davis, notes, “Communication is the bridge that connects two minds, allowing them to work together towards a common goal.”
Strategies for effective communication:
Communication Type | Description | Example |
---|---|---|
Verbal | Expressing intentions and feedback through words | “Let’s try that turn again, but a little slower this time.” |
Non-Verbal | Using body language, facial expressions, and hand cues to communicate without words | A gentle squeeze of the hand to indicate a change in direction. |
Active Listening | Paying attention to your partner’s cues and responding thoughtfully | Noticing your partner seems hesitant and adjusting the dance to make them feel more comfortable. |
Clear Intentions | Making your intentions clear through consistent and understandable signals | Ensuring your hand signals for a turn are distinct and recognizable. |
Positive Feedback | Offering encouragement and praise to build confidence and foster a supportive environment | “That was a great connection! I could really feel the energy.” |
Constructive Criticism | Providing feedback in a way that is helpful and supportive, rather than critical or judgmental | “Maybe if we adjusted our hand position slightly, the turn would feel more fluid.” |
Open Dialogue | Creating a space where both partners feel comfortable sharing their thoughts and feelings | “Is there anything I can do to make you feel more comfortable with this routine?” |
Physical Cues | Using physical touch to guide and support your partner | A gentle hand on the back to indicate posture or a light touch to the arm to signal a change in rhythm. |
Eye Contact | Maintaining eye contact to establish a connection and convey understanding | Looking at your partner during a routine to communicate support and attentiveness. |
Empathy | Understanding and sharing your partner’s feelings and experiences | Recognizing when your partner is struggling and offering encouragement and support. |
8.3 How Can You Build a Stronger Partnership Through Dance?
Building a stronger partnership through dance involves cultivating trust, communication, and mutual respect. Dance provides a unique opportunity for partners to connect on a physical, emotional, and artistic level. Partnership coach, Lisa Roberts, notes, “Dance is a metaphor for life, teaching us how to navigate relationships with grace and harmony.”
Strategies for strengthening your partnership:
- Shared Goals: Set shared goals for your dancing, working together to achieve them.
- Mutual Respect: Treat each other with respect and appreciation, valuing each other’s contributions.
- Open Communication: Communicate openly and honestly, sharing your thoughts, feelings, and feedback.
- Patience and Understanding: Exercise patience and understanding, recognizing that everyone makes mistakes and learns at their own pace.