Burlesque dancing has experienced a significant surge in popularity in recent years, celebrated for its unique blend of theatricality, humor, and empowering self-expression. However, for many, the true essence of modern burlesque remains shrouded in misconception. Far from being solely about stripping, burlesque is a vibrant and multifaceted performance art form. Let’s delve into the world of burlesque to uncover its definition, history, and what makes it so captivating.
Unpacking Burlesque: More Than Just Skin Deep
At its heart, burlesque is a style of dance that empowers performers through theatrical storytelling. It’s a dynamic form of cabaret-style entertainment, rich with humor, satire, and irony. Contrary to common assumptions, burlesque is not simply stripping. While it embraces sensuality and playful tease, it intentionally leaves much to the imagination. Burlesque performers often incorporate partial or implied nudity, but complete nudity is not typical and certainly not the defining characteristic. Instead, the art lies in the suggestion, the wink, and the clever unveiling, all delivered with a healthy dose of wit and theatrical flair.
Tracing the Roots: How Burlesque Got Its Name
The term “burlesque” originates from the Italian word “burla,” which translates to “joke” or “comedy.” This linguistic origin is key to understanding the spirit of burlesque. Historically, burlesque in literature is classified as satire, a genre that employs mockery and ironic representation to critique various subjects. Parody, with its humorous imitation, is indeed a form of burlesque in the literary sense.
When we merge this comedic foundation with the expressive power of dance, infused with sensuality and performer agency, we arrive at the essence of American Burlesque. It’s a performance style that blends laughter, allure, and a touch of rebellion.
A Historical Peek: The Evolution of Burlesque
American burlesque emerged in the late 19th century, initially as a variety show featuring shapely women who were playfully underdressed. These performers were seen as audacious figures, daring to mock the rigid social norms and behaviors of the upper classes.
In its early days, burlesque wasn’t always the musical cabaret we recognize today. While some shows included musical elements, it wasn’t until the early 20th century that musical theater became more integrated. By the 1920s and 1930s, burlesque shows began to resemble the modern performances we see now – vibrant spectacles filled with satire, song, and dance. This era, often considered the golden age of burlesque, saw elaborate costumes, comedic sketches, and a celebration of the female form in a way that was both provocative and playful.
However, the rise of this bold and often slapstick form of entertainment faced challenges. By the 1940s, burlesque’s popularity began to wane. The Great Depression and the onset of World War II shifted societal focus, and parodic cabaret performances were no longer at the forefront of public interest.
Then, decades later, in 2010, the movie “Burlesque,” starring Cher and Christina Aguilera, burst onto the scene, reigniting global interest in this unique art form. The film presented a contemporary understanding of burlesque dancing: an empowering and playful mode of female entertainment. It showcased the glamour, the artistry, and the sheer fun of burlesque, introducing it to a new generation.
Iconic Figures: Pioneers of Burlesque
Throughout burlesque history, certain performers have become legendary, paving the way for countless artists. Josephine Baker, Dita Von Teese, and Jean Idelle stand out as three of the most influential burlesque dancers of all time. These women were not only talented entertainers but also trailblazers who redefined performance and challenged societal norms.
Josephine Baker: The “Bronze Venus”
Josephine Baker reigned supreme among 1920s burlesque dancers. Her performances at the Folies Bergère in Paris were consistently sold-out events. Baker became a symbol of the beauty and dynamism of Black American culture. Through her distinctive dance style, she effectively reshaped the representation of Black entertainers during the Prohibition era.
Known as the “Bronze Venus,” Baker’s burlesque routines were exotic, energetic, and undeniably fun. She is most famously remembered for her iconic “banana dance,” in which she performed wearing a skirt made of prop bananas, a testament to her playful and boundary-pushing approach to performance.
Dita Von Teese: The “Queen of Burlesque”
Dita Von Teese, born Heather Renée Sweet, is widely recognized as the “Queen of Burlesque.” Initially aspiring to be a classical ballerina, her path took an unexpected turn at age 19 when she visited a strip club and was struck by what she perceived as a lack of creativity. Driven to inject originality into the world of adult entertainment, she inadvertently revolutionized modern burlesque.
Starting her burlesque career in 1992, Von Teese quickly became an icon of American Burlesque, celebrated for her graceful elegance, meticulous choreography, and commitment to vintage glamour. She frequently incorporates vintage dresses, corsets, and bold red lipstick into her acts, embodying a timeless aesthetic. However, she is perhaps best known for her signature “martini glass act,” where she emerges on stage in a giant martini glass, adorned in dazzling attire, a perfect blend of sophistication and spectacle.
Jean Idelle: Breaking Barriers with Fans
Jean Idelle entered the world of burlesque in 1950 after being discovered by a talent agency. She holds the distinction of being the first Black female fan dancer. Her burlesque performances were characterized by the mesmerizing use of feather fans and hypnotic choreography.
Performing fearlessly in numerous whites-only clubs, Idelle, also known as “Sepia Sally Rand,” captivated audiences across America. She was a talented and courageous dancer who broke down racial barriers within the entertainment industry, expanding opportunities for performers of color.
These three remarkable women, among others, laid the foundation for the vibrant burlesque scene we enjoy today.
Classic burlesque dancer in vintage attire performing on stage
Modern Burlesque: Neo-Burlesque and Beyond
Today’s burlesque scene is often referred to as Neo-Burlesque or New Burlesque, emphasizing its evolution and contemporary relevance. The resurgence, significantly boosted by the movie “Burlesque,” has broadened the scope of traditional American burlesque. Modern acts now encompass an even wider range of styles, including elaborate choreography, theatrical narratives, musical performances, parodies, and even political commentary. This contemporary form celebrates diversity, creativity, and individual expression, pushing the boundaries of what burlesque can be.
Experiencing a Burlesque Show: What to Expect
As the song goes, a burlesque dancing show might bring to mind “a singer in a smoky room,” but it’s so much richer and more varied than that simple image suggests. A modern burlesque show is a dynamic tapestry of performances, with each night offering a unique lineup depending on the artists taking the stage.
Inside a Typical Burlesque Show
Imagine attending a burlesque night with friends – what can you anticipate? Given the vast spectrum of talents within burlesque, you might witness singing, tap dancing, stand-up comedy, acrobatic feats, dramatic sketches, and much more. Expect a variety show format, with acts typically lasting between 4 to 6 minutes, each showcasing a distinct skill or artistic expression.
It’s also worth noting that burlesque shows often embrace audience interaction. So, be prepared for the possibility of being playfully pulled onto the stage to be part of the fun!
Who Makes Up the Audience?
Burlesque shows attract a diverse audience, but they are particularly popular with women and couples. The empowering and celebratory nature of burlesque resonates strongly with women, making it common to see a large female contingent in the audience. You might find groups of women celebrating bachelorette parties or even multigenerational groups enjoying a fun night out together.
Importantly, burlesque shows are inclusive spaces, welcoming people of all genders, sexual orientations, races, religions, and backgrounds. Heteronormativity is not the standard; rather, burlesque thrives on celebrating diversity and individuality.
The Underlying Purpose of Burlesque
The core aim of burlesque is to playfully tease at nudity without fully revealing all. It’s about suggestion, allure, and the art of the reveal, all delivered with a strong undercurrent of fun and humor. Remember, burlesque is rooted in comedy. This parodic, lighthearted spirit is vividly expressed through the extravagant costumes that are a hallmark of burlesque performances.
The Art of Burlesque Costumes
Burlesque entertainers express their originality not only through their routines but also through their elaborate costumes. Over-the-top, eye-catching costumes are a staple of burlesque shows. This often translates to dramatic makeup, elaborate wigs, and sparkling, one-of-a-kind outfits. Flowing, shimmering loungewear-inspired ensembles are also frequently seen, adding to the visual spectacle.
Costumes can be created by professional designers or crafted by the performers themselves, reflecting the personal artistic vision of each burlesque artist.
Where to Find a Burlesque Show
Forget the outdated image of burlesque confined to seedy men’s clubs. Today, you’re more likely to find burlesque shows in trendy dive bars or, increasingly, in modern speakeasy-style establishments. These speakeasy venues offer a nod to the 1920s, the era when burlesque reached its zenith, creating a fittingly nostalgic atmosphere.
In the U.S., cities like Los Angeles, New Orleans, and San Francisco are well-known for their thriving burlesque scenes. However, the appeal of burlesque is spreading, with shows popping up in various cities.
For those in Minneapolis, there’s good news! The Pourhouse, for example, hosts burlesque shows like “Jeezy’s Juke Joint,” a Black Burly-Q Revue that pays tribute to Black burlesque traditions, showcasing a diverse range of acts from classic burlesque to drag comedy, and featuring talented performers of color. It’s a testament to the vibrant and evolving nature of burlesque in the modern era.
In conclusion, burlesque dancing is a rich and multifaceted art form that extends far beyond simple striptease. It’s a celebration of theatricality, comedy, empowerment, and self-expression, with a fascinating history and a vibrant contemporary scene. Whether you’re a seasoned fan or simply curious, exploring the world of burlesque promises a captivating and unforgettable experience.
